View source for Discours de Lycurgue, d'Andocide, d'Isée, de Dinarque

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Discours de Lycurgue, d'Andocide, d'Isée, de Dinarque''}}
===by Lycurgus, Andocides, Isaeus, Dinarchus, and Demades===
__NOTOC__
{{BookPageInfoBox
|imagename=DiscoursDeLycurgue1783.jpg
|link=https://wm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01COWM_INST/g9pr7p/alma991025204849703196
|shorttitle=Discours de Lycurgue, d'Andocide, d'Isée, de Dinarque, avec un Fragment Sous le Nom de Démade
|author=[[:Category:Lycurgus|Lycurgus]], [[:Category:Andocides|Andocides]], [[:Category:Isaeus|Isaeus]], [[:Category:Dinarchus|Dinarchus]], and [[:Category:Demades|Demades]]
|trans=Abbé Athanase Auger
|lang=[[:Category:French|French]]
|publoc=[[:Category:Paris|A Paris]]
|publisher=Chez De Bure, fils aîné ... ; Théophile Barrois ... ; Alexandre Jombert jeune ...
|year=1783
|pages=xvii, 578, [4]
|desc=[[:Category:Octavos|8vo]] (20 cm.)
|shelf=H-1
}}[[File:DiscoursDeLycurge1783StampTPV.jpg|left|thumb|250px|<center>Library stamp of [[wikipedia:Ernest Augustus I of Hanover|King Ernest Augustus of Hanover]], title page verso.</center>]]''Discours de Lycurgue, d'Andocide, d'Isée, de Dinarque, avec un Fragment Sous le Nom de Démade'', is a collection of discourses attributed to the orators Lycurgus, Andocides, Isaeus, Dinarchus, and Demades. Along with Antiphon, Lysias, Isocrates, Aschines, Demosthenes and Hyperides,<ref>''Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', s.v. "Oratory," 6th ed. (September 2013), accessed March 28, 2014.</ref> the first four of the five were counted among the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attic_orators Alexandrian Canon], or Canon of Ten,<ref>''Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World'', s.v. "[http://www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.wm.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780192801463.001.0001/acref-9780192801463-e-280 Attic Orators]," accessed March 28, 2014.</ref> which was a list drawn up of the ten best Attic (Athenian) orators.<ref>''Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World'', s.v. "[http://www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.wm.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780192801463.001.0001/acref-9780192801463-e-394 Canon]," accessed March 28, 2014.</ref>

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Athens Lycurgus], lived from 396 to 325 B.C and was pupil of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocrates Isocrates]. He was a "capable and honored public official… [who] administered the state finances from 338 to 326 B.C. and led (with Demosthenes) the anti-Macedonian party. One of his official acts ordered the editing and preserving of the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides."<ref>''Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', s.v. "One of the Ten Attic Orators Lycurgus," 6th ed. (September 2013), accessed March 28, 2014.</ref> Lycurgus' oration ''Against Leocrates'' is still intact,<ref>Ibid.</ref> and is among the discourses in the collection.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andocides Andocides] (440 to 390 B.C.E) was accused of mutilating statues of the god, Hermes, as a rebellious gesture against the Sicilian expedition.<ref>''Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World'', s.v. "[http://www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.wm.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780192801463.001.0001/acref-9780192801463-e-128edited Andocidēs]," accessed March 28, 2014.</ref> When he was arrested, he confessed to receive immunity for himself and his father, but was forbidden from entering the Agora and the temples.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Rather than live with these restrictions, he left Athens and made a life for himself as a merchant until the Amnesty of 403.<ref>Ibid.</ref> His discourses in the collection include, "Sur les Mystères" (On the Mysteries), his defense against his continued disgrace and restrictions, and "Pour la paix" (“For Peace”), his speech given while he was an Athenian envoy to Sparta to negotiate a peace agreement.<ref>Ibid.</ref>

[[File:DiscoursDeLycurge1783Endpiece1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|<center>Tail-piece, page 280.</center>]] 
Little is known about the life of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaeus Isaeus] (420 B.C.E to sometime after 353 B.C.E.),<ref>''The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature'', s.v. "[http://www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.wm.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780199548545.001.0001/acref-9780199548545-e-1681 Īsae'us]," accessed March 28, 2014.</ref> but he is thought to have been either Athenian or Chalcidian by birth, a pupil of Isocrates, and a teacher of Demosthenes.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Isaeus was a logographos&mdash;one hired to write speeches for litigants to deliver in a court of law.<ref>''The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature'', s.v. "[http://www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.wm.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780199548545.001.0001/acref-9780199548545-e-1834 logo'graphers]," accessed March 28, 2014.</ref> He composed all of his discourse for others to deliver, and Isaeus himself was not involved in political life.<ref>''The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature'', s.v. "Īsae'us."</ref> He is credited with writing fifty speeches, but only eleven and part of a twelfth have survived. This collection includes these surviving discourse which "all deal with cases of inheritance… [that] are important as illustrative of Athenian testamentary law and of social history."<ref>Ibid.</ref>

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinarchus Dinarchus] lived from 360 to 290 B.C. in Athens, although he was Corinthian by birth.<ref>''The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature'', s.v. "[http://www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.wm.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780199548545.001.0001/acref-9780199548545-e-0964 Deina'rchus]," accessed March 28, 2014.</ref> Because he was not an Athenian citizen, he could not address the assembly.<ref>Ibid.</ref> However, Dinarchus composed a large number of speeches for others.<ref>Ibid.</ref> His surviving speeches, which are in this collection, include "Sommaire de la harangue contre Démosthene" (Against Demosthenes), "Discours de même Dinarque Contre Aristogiton" (Against Aristogeiton ) and "Discours de même Dinarque Contre Philoclès" (Against Philocles), all three of which were involved with the Harpalus affair,<ref>Ibid.</ref> a scandal involving a fugitive treasurer of Alexander the Great and accusations that Demosthenes had embezzled some of the treasurer’s money.<ref>''The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature'', s.v. "[http://www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.wm.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780199548545.001.0001/acref-9780199548545-e-0990 Dēmo'sthenēs]," accessed March 28, 2014.</ref>

Finally, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demades Demades], the sole orator in the group not counted among the Canon of Ten, lived from 380 to 319 B.C.E.<ref>''The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature'', s.v. "[http://www.oxfordreference.com.proxy.wm.edu/view/10.1093/acref/9780199548545.001.0001/acref-9780199548545-e-0979 Dē'madēs]," accessed March 28, 2014.</ref> An Athenian politician, he was "devoted to implementing his realization that, in order to survive, Athens must come to terms with Macedonian power.”<ref>Ibid.</ref> Among his accomplishments were securing an honorable settlement for Athens after its defeat by Philip II of Macedon, and “dissuading Alexander the Great from demanding the surrender of Demosthenes and other advocates of revolt against Macedonian rule."<ref>Ibid.</ref> To keep the peace with Macedon, Demades secured by decree the deaths of the politicians opposed to peace, including Hypereides and Demosthenes; he himself was later caught in the political intrigue and executed by Cassander.<ref>Ibid.</ref> Although he had no formal training in rhetoric and published no speeches, the fragments in this collection preserve a few of his “striking phrases.”<ref>Ibid.</ref>

==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==
Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as "Discours de Lycurgue, d'Andocide etc par Auger. Fr. 8vo." This was one of the titles kept by [[Thomas Jefferson]] and may have been sold to the Library of Congress in 1815. Jefferson did sell a copy of the first (1738) edition of ''Discours de Lycurgue, d'Andocide, d'Isée, de Dinarque'' to the Library of Congress, and that copy still exists today. The set has no definitive markings linking it to Wythe, however.<ref>E. Millicent Sowerby, ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'', (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:24 [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133;view=1up;seq=36 [no.4665]].</ref> [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]<ref>''LibraryThing'', s.v. "[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe]," accessed on March 5, 2014.</ref> on LibraryThing lists the copy at the Library of Congress. The [https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433 Brown Bibliography]<ref>Bennie Brown, "The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond," (unpublished manuscript, May, 2012) Microsoft Word file. Earlier edition available at: https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/13433.</ref> discusses the Library of Congress copy, noting Jefferson owned another copy that was sold in 1829 after his death. The Wolf Law Library followed the recommendations of Brown and LibraryThing and purchased the first edition.
[[File:DiscoursDeLycurge1783Tailpiece2.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<center>Tail-piece, page 320.</center>]]

==Description of the Wolf Law Library's copy==
Bound in marbled cardboard from the later nineteenth century. Includes crown and initial stamp "E.D.C" on the title page and stamp from the library of [[wikipedia:Ernest Augustus I of Hanover|Ernest Augustus I of Hanover]], with the Latin motto "Suscipere et finire" (To undertake and accomplish) on the title page verso. 

Images of the library's copy of this book are [https://www.flickr.com/photos/wolflawlibrary/albums/72157637699651854 available on Flickr.] View the record for this book in [https://wm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01COWM_INST/g9pr7p/alma991025204849703196 William & Mary's online catalog.]

==See also==
*[[George Wythe Room]]
*[[Jefferson Inventory]]
*[[Wythe's Library]]

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
Read this book in [http://books.google.com/books?id=twkXAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover Google Books.]

[[Category:Andocides]]
[[Category:Demades]]
[[Category:Dinarchus]]
[[Category:George Wythe Collection at William & Mary's Wolf Law Library]]
[[Category:Isaeus]]
[[Category:Jefferson's Books]]
[[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]
[[Category:Lycurgus]]
[[Category:Possible Surviving Wythe Volumes]]
[[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]

[[Category:French]]
[[Category:Octavos]]
[[Category:Paris]]