http://wythepedia.wm.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Gsmith 2026-04-05T00:11:56Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Payne_v._Dudley&diff=78418 2026-03-24T16:38:29Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Payne v. Dudley''}} <br /> [[File:Payne_v._Dudley.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798.]][[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], 1 Va. (1 Wash.) 196 (1793),&lt;ref&gt;Bushrod Washington, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798), 1:196.&lt;/ref&gt; was a debtor/creditor case. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> William Payne, John Payne’s executor, sued in the High Court of Chancery stating that John Payne owed a debt to Fleet, who obtained a judgement against him in 1766. William Dudley, Fleet’s executor, was looking through his papers and found the same bond against John Payne. William Dudley then sued in a different court than the one the original judgement was obtained. William Payne was unaware of this second proceeding and could not plead at bar, thus a second judgment was made against John Payne in 1789. William Payne sued Dudley in the High Court of Chancery to obtain relief from the second judgment. William Payne argued that in 1766 John Payne gave a large part of his property to John Semple to the pay the debt in question, thus the debt was satisfied. In his answer, Dudley denied any knowledge of the 1766 judgment and insisted that the debt was still unsatisfied.<br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Since the 1766 judgment was based solely on confession, without specifying any precise sum, Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case with the belief that the equity sought was not admitted by the answer and not supported by evidence. The Court of Appeals affirmed the decision. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Payne_v._Dudley&diff=78409 2026-03-23T16:11:15Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Payne v. Dudley''}} <br /> [[File:Payne_v._Dudley.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798.]][[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], 1 Va. (1 Wash.) 196 (1793),&lt;ref&gt;Bushrod Washington, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798), 1:196.&lt;/ref&gt; was a debtor/creditor case. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Payne, John Payne’s executor, sued in the High Court of Chancery stating that John Payne owed a debt to Fleet who obtained a judgement against John in 1766. William Dudley, Fleet’s executor, was looking through his papers and found the same bond against John Payne. William Dudley then sued in a different court than the one the original judgement was obtained. William Payne was unaware of this second proceeding and could not plead at bar, thus a second judgment was made against John Payne in 1789. William Payne sued William Dudley in the High Court of Chancery to obtain relief from the second judgment. William Payne argued that in 1766 John Payne gave a large part of his property to John Semple to the pay the debt in questions, thus the debt was satisfied. In his answer, William Dudley denied any knowledge of the 1766 judgment or that the debt had been satisfied. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Since the 1766 judgment was based solely on William Payne’s confession, Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case with the belief that the equity sought was not admitted by the answer and not supported by evidence. The Court of Appeals affirmed the decision. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=File:Payne_v._Dudley.jpg&diff=78408 2026-03-23T16:09:41Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Payne_v._Dudley&diff=78407 2026-03-23T16:06:33Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Payne v. Dudley''}} <br /> [[File:WytheAmblerVWyld1852.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798.]][[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], 1 Va. (1 Wash.) 196 (1793),&lt;ref&gt;Bushrod Washington, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798), 1:196.&lt;/ref&gt; was a debtor/creditor case. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Payne, John Payne’s executor, sued in the High Court of Chancery stating that John Payne owed a debt to Fleet who obtained a judgement against John in 1766. William Dudley, Fleet’s executor, was looking through his papers and found the same bond against John Payne. William Dudley then sued in a different court than the one the original judgement was obtained. William Payne was unaware of this second proceeding and could not plead at bar, thus a second judgment was made against John Payne in 1789. William Payne sued William Dudley in the High Court of Chancery to obtain relief from the second judgment. William Payne argued that in 1766 John Payne gave a large part of his property to John Semple to the pay the debt in questions, thus the debt was satisfied. In his answer, William Dudley denied any knowledge of the 1766 judgment or that the debt had been satisfied. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Since the 1766 judgment was based solely on William Payne’s confession, Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case with the belief that the equity sought was not admitted by the answer and not supported by evidence. The Court of Appeals affirmed the decision. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Payne_v._Dudley&diff=78406 2026-03-23T16:05:19Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Payne v. Dudley''}} <br /> <br /> [[File:WytheAmblerVWyld1852.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798.]][[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], 1 Va. (1 Wash.) 196 (1793),&lt;ref&gt;Bushrod Washington, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798), 1:196.&lt;/ref&gt; was a debtor/creditor case. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Payne, John Payne’s executor, sued in the High Court of Chancery stating that John Payne owed a debt to Fleet who obtained a judgement against John in 1766. William Dudley, Fleet’s executor, was looking through his papers and found the same bond against John Payne. William Dudley then sued in a different court than the one the original judgement was obtained. William Payne was unaware of this second proceeding and could not plead at bar, thus a second judgment was made against John Payne in 1789. William Payne sued William Dudley in the High Court of Chancery to obtain relief from the second judgment. William Payne argued that in 1766 John Payne gave a large part of his property to John Semple to the pay the debt in questions, thus the debt was satisfied. In his answer, William Dudley denied any knowledge of the 1766 judgment or that the debt had been satisfied. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Since the 1766 judgment was based solely on William Payne’s confession, Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case with the belief that the equity sought was not admitted by the answer and not supported by evidence. The Court of Appeals affirmed the decision. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Payne_v._Dudley&diff=78405 2026-03-23T16:04:37Z

<p>Gsmith: Created page with &quot;{{DISPLAYTITLE:&#039;&#039;Payne v. Dudley&#039;&#039;}} &#039;&#039;Payne v. Dudley&#039;&#039;, in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 &#039;&#039;Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia&#039;&#039;], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798.]] Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Payne v. Dudley''}} <br /> <br /> [[File:WytheAmblerVWyld1852.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1798V1PaynevDudley.pdf|''Payne v. Dudley'']], 1 Va. (1 Wash.) 196 (1793),&lt;ref&gt;Bushrod Washington, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1798), 1:196.&lt;/ref&gt; was a debtor/creditor case. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Payne, John Payne’s executor, sued in the High Court of Chancery stating that John Payne owed a debt to Fleet who obtained a judgement against John in 1766. William Dudley, Fleet’s executor, was looking through his papers and found the same bond against John Payne. William Dudley then sued in a different court than the one the original judgement was obtained. William Payne was unaware of this second proceeding and could not plead at bar, thus a second judgment was made against John Payne in 1789. William Payne sued William Dudley in the High Court of Chancery to obtain relief from the second judgment. William Payne argued that in 1766 John Payne gave a large part of his property to John Semple to the pay the debt in questions, thus the debt was satisfied. In his answer, William Dudley denied any knowledge of the 1766 judgment or that the debt had been satisfied. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Since the 1766 judgment was based solely on William Payne’s confession, Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case with the belief that the equity sought was not admitted by the answer and not supported by evidence. The Court of Appeals affirmed the decision. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78404 2026-03-23T15:58:57Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> [[File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case asking whether a bond, in the hands of an assignee without notice, is discharged of the original equity existing against it.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. Charles Harris owed money to both Norton and Anderson. Norton attempted to claim a credit for the proceeds of a quantity of goods, which were in the hands of Harris, and which he wanted to apply to his debt to Anderson. However, both Harris and Anderson claimed that no money had been paid, and that Harris was insolvent. Anderson and Norton then drew up an agreement for payment, and Anderson assigned his bond to Rose, who purchased it for valuable consideration. Rose was a bonafide purchaser who did not make an inquiry into whether or not any equity attached to the bond. Norton brought this case against Rose and Anderson, attempting to discount his debt against Anderson.<br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court considered the Virginia Act of Assembly of 1748, which allowed bonds to be assigned and permitted all discounts that the defendant could prove. In England, equity does not follow bills of exchange, because they are intended as a form of currency passing money from one country to another, and allowing equity to follow would make commerce considerably more difficult. However, the Court found that in Virginia, the legislature explicitly distinguished between bills of exchange and bonds in the Act of 1748. Bonds are intended to more easily settle debts, and they rarely ever leave the country or even the neighborhood where they were first circulated. Therefore, the equity of a debt does follow the assignee of a bond or obligation. The Court found as a result that Norton should be allowed to set off and discount against the debt claimed by Rose. The Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78403 2026-03-23T15:58:14Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> [[File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case asking whether a bond, in the hands of an assignee without notice, is discharged of the original equity existing against it.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. Charles Harris owed money to both Norton and Anderson. Norton attempted to claim a credit for the proceeds of a quantity of goods, which were in the hands of Harris, and which he wanted to apply to his debt to Anderson. However, both Harris and Anderson claimed that no money had been paid, and that Harris was insolvent. Anderson and Norton then drew up an agreement for payment, and Anderson assigned his bond to Rose, who purchased it for valuable consideration. Rose was a bonafide purchaser who did not make an inquiry into whether or not any equity attached to the bond. Norton brought this case against Rose and Anderson, attempting to discount his debt against Anderson.<br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court considered the Virginia Act of Assembly of 1748, which allowed bonds to be assigned and permitted all discounts that the defendant could prove. In England, equity does not follow bills of exchange, because they are intended as a form of currency passing money from one country to another, and allowing equity to follow would make commerce considerably more difficult. However, the Court found that in Virginia, the legislature explicitly distinguished between bills of exchange and bonds in the Act of 1748. Bonds are intended to more easily settle debts, and they rarely ever leave the country or even the neighborhood where they were first circulated. Therefore, the equity of a debt does follow the assignee of a bond or obligation. The Court found as a result that Norton should be allowed to set off and discount against the debt claimed by Rose. The Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78402 2026-03-23T15:56:28Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> [[File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case asking whether a bond, in the hands of an assignee without notice, is discharged of the original equity existing against it.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. Charles Harris owed money to both Norton and Anderson. Norton attempted to claim a credit for the proceeds of a quantity of goods, which were in the hands of Harris, and which he wanted to apply to his debt to Anderson. However, both Harris and Anderson claimed that no money had been paid, and that Harris was insolvent. Anderson and Norton then drew up an agreement for payment, and Anderson assigned his bond to Rose, who purchased it for valuable consideration. Rose was a bonafide purchaser who did not make an inquiry into whether or not any equity attached to the bond. Norton brought this case against Rose and Anderson, attempting to discount his debt against Anderson.<br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court considered the Virginia Act of Assembly of 1748 which allowed bonds to be assigned, and allowed all discounts that the defendant could prove. Rose argued that in England, equity does not follow bills of exchange, because they are intended as a form of currency passing money from one country to another, and allowing equity to follow would make commerce considerably more difficult. However, the Court dismissed this argument, finding that in Virginia, the legislature explicitly distinguished between bills of exchange and bonds in the Act of 1748. Bonds are intended to more easily settle debts, and they rarely ever leave the country or even the neighborhood where they were first circulated. Therefore, the equity of a debt does follow the assignee of a bond or obligation. The Court found as a result that Norton should be allowed to set off and discount against the debt claimed by Rose. The Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78401 2026-03-23T15:47:57Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> [[File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case asking whether a bond, in the hands of an assignee without notice, is discharged of the original equity existing against it.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. Norton claimed a credit for the proceeds of a quantity of goods, which were in the hands of Harris. But Harris claimed that he received no part of these proceeds, so Norton assigned his bond to Rose, who was a bonafide purchaser. Rose did not make an inquiry into whether or not any equity attached to the bond. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court considered the Virginia Act of Assembly of 1748 which allowed bonds to be assigned, and allowed all discounts that the defendant could prove. Rose argued that in England, equity does not follow bills of exchange, because they are intended as a form of currency passing money from one country to another, and allowing equity to follow would make commerce considerably more difficult. However, the Court dismissed this argument, finding that in Virginia, the legislature explicitly distinguished between bills of exchange and bonds in the Act of 1748. Bonds are intended to more easily settle debts, and they rarely ever leave the country or even the neighborhood where they were first circulated. Therefore, the equity of a debt does follow the assignee of a bond or obligation. The Court found as a result that Norton should be allowed to set off and discount against the debt claimed by Rose. The Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78400 2026-03-23T15:04:40Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> [[File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case involving an agreement for the payment of money.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton Rose promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court found that the equity of a debt does follow the assignee of a bond or obligation, and as a result, Norton should be allowed to set off and discount against the debt claimed by Rose as Anderson's assignee. The Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78375 2026-03-16T20:13:05Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> [[File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case involving an agreement for the payment of money.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton Rose promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78368 2026-03-04T18:44:11Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> [[File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case involving . <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton Rose promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78367 2026-03-04T18:43:51Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> <br /> [[File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case involving . <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton Rose promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=File:Nortonv.Rose.jpg&diff=78366 2026-03-04T18:43:18Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78365 2026-03-04T18:39:49Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> <br /> [[File:WytheAmblerVWyld1852.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case involving . <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton Rose promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Norton_v._Rose&diff=78364 2026-03-04T18:39:21Z

<p>Gsmith: Created page with &quot;Norton v. Rose [long case] {{DISPLAYTITLE:&#039;&#039;Norton v. Rose&#039;&#039;}} &#039;&#039;Norton v. Rose&#039;&#039;, in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 &#039;&#039;Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia&#039;&#039;], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] Media:Washing...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Norton v. Rose <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [long case] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Norton v. Rose''}} <br /> <br /> [[File:WytheAmblerVWyld1852.jpg|link=Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Bushrod Washington. Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799.]] <br /> <br /> [[Media:WashingtonsReports1799V2NortonvRose.pdf|''Norton v. Rose'']], 2 Va. (2 Wash.) 233 (1796),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: T. Nicolson, 1799), 3:482. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case involving . <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> Norton Rose promised to pay George Anderson £450 to settle a debt. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> Chancellor Wythe dismissed the case against Rose. However, since Anderson failed to respond in Court to Norton’s complainant, Wythe gave a default judgment to Anderson. On Norton’s appeal to the Court of Appeals, the Court reversed Wythe’s decision and remanded the case back to the High Court of Chancery for further proceedings. <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78363 2026-03-04T18:33:52Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether the administrator of an estate could pay a simple contract creditor before a bond creditor. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> William Ronald died on February 3rd, 1793, and William Bentley was appointed administrator of his estate on February 21st by the county court of Powhatan. The decedent died intestate, and his estate was apparently burdened by numerous debts. On February 26th, Andrew Ronald, the decedent's brother and a simple contract creditor of the estate, instituted a suit against Bentley in the county court of Henrico. Two days later, on February 28th, Mayo, a specialty creditor of the estate, issued his own writ upon the bond, from the county court of Powhatan. On March 4th, Bentley confessed judgment to Ronald and paid his debt. When he was served with notice of Mayo's writ, he obtained a judgment from the Powhatan court that it was to be set aside. However, this was not done due to an omission of the clerk, and because Bentley did not have assets to pay both Ronald and Mayo, he sought an injunction from the High Court of Chancery. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> [[George Wythe|Chancellor Wythe]] of the High Court of Chancery found that Bentley had no notice of Mayo's writ when he confessed judgment to Ronald, and furthermore that an administrator can favor some creditors to the detriment of others. As a result, the court ruled in Bentley's favor. Mayo appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals, where the Court reversed the decree in part and affirmed in part. The Court found that it would be &quot;an unusual severity&quot; to charge Mayo with costs, when he was guilty of no fault and filed his claim against Bentley in a timely manner. The Court also identifies three types of debts: judgments made against the intestate during his lifetime, specialty debts, and simple contract claims. Judgments must be paid first, and the administrator must take notice of them because they are a matter of record. Specialty debts must be paid second, although they require timely notice to the administrator. Simple contract debts must be paid last, although if there is no notice, then an administrator may pay them before specialty debts, and suffer no harm. The Court also finds that administrators can only have preferences between creditors of the same grade; however, superior creditors must be given preference over inferior creditors. Here, because Mayo was a specialty creditor, he was entitled to payment before Ronald, a simple contract creditor. There is some disagreement between judges over whether or not Bentley had sufficient notice of Mayo's claim, and some judges even allege fraud on Bentley's part. Due to the division between the judges, the Court upheld the payment as well as the injunction requested by Bentley. However, the Court directed the parties to have a commissioner enquire into the fairness if the debt, and for Bentley to pay Mayo the costs of the appeal.<br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78362 2026-03-04T18:32:41Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether the administrator of an estate could pay a simple contract creditor before a bond creditor. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> William Ronald died on February 3rd, 1793, and William Bentley was appointed administrator of his estate on February 21st by the county court of Powhatan. The decedent died intestate, and his estate was apparently burdened by numerous debts. On February 26th, Andrew Ronald, the decedent's brother and a simple contract creditor of the estate, instituted a suit against Bentley in the county court of Henrico. Two days later, on February 28th, Mayo, a specialty creditor of the estate, issued his own writ upon the bond, from the county court of Powhatan. On March 4th, Bentley confessed judgment to Ronald and paid his debt. When he was served with notice of Mayo's writ, he obtained a judgment from the Powhatan court that it was to be set aside. However, this was not done due to an omission of the clerk, and because Bentley did not have assets to pay both Ronald and Mayo, he sought an injunction from the high court of chancery. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> [[George Wythe|Chancellor Wythe]] of the high court of chancery found that Bentley had no notice of Mayo's writ when he confessed judgment to Ronald, and furthermore that an administrator can favor some creditors to the detriment of others. As a result, the court ruled in Bentley's favor. Mayo appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals, where the Court reversed the decree in part and affirmed in part. The Court found that it would be &quot;an unusual severity&quot; to charge Mayo with costs, when he was guilty of no fault and filed his claim against Bentley in a timely manner. The Court also identifies three types of debts: judgments made against the intestate during his lifetime, specialty debts, and simple contract claims. Judgments must be paid first, and the administrator must take notice of them because they are a matter of record. Specialty debts must be paid second, although they require timely notice to the administrator. Simple contract debts must be paid last, although if there is no notice, then an administrator may pay them before specialty debts, and suffer no harm. The Court also finds that administrators can only have preferences between creditors of the same grade; however, superior creditors must be given preference over inferior creditors. Here, because Mayo was a specialty creditor, he was entitled to payment before Ronald, a simple contract creditor. There is some disagreement between judges over whether or not Bentley had sufficient notice of Mayo's claim, and some judges even allege fraud on Bentley's part. Due to the division between the judges, the Court upheld the payment as well as the injunction requested by Bentley. However, the Court directed the parties to have a commissioner enquire into the fairness if the debt, and for Bentley to pay Mayo the costs of the appeal.<br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78361 2026-03-04T18:32:25Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether the administrator of an estate could pay a simple contract creditor before a bond creditor. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> William Ronald died on February 3rd, 1793, and William Bentley was appointed administrator of his estate on February 21st, by the county court of Powhatan. the decedent died intestate, and his estate was apparently burdened by numerous debts. On February 26th, Andrew Ronald, the decedent's brother and a simple contract creditor of the estate, instituted a suit against Bentley in the county court of Henrico. Two days later, on February 28th, Mayo, a specialty creditor of the estate, issued his own writ upon the bond, from the county court of Powhatan. On March 4th, Bentley confessed judgment to Ronald and paid his debt. When he was served with notice of Mayo's writ, he obtained a judgment from the Powhatan court that it was to be set aside. However, this was not done due to an omission of the clerk, and because Bentley did not have assets to pay both Ronald and Mayo, he sought an injunction from the high court of chancery. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> [[George Wythe|Chancellor Wythe]] of the high court of chancery found that Bentley had no notice of Mayo's writ when he confessed judgment to Ronald, and furthermore that an administrator can favor some creditors to the detriment of others. As a result, the court ruled in Bentley's favor. Mayo appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals, where the Court reversed the decree in part and affirmed in part. The Court found that it would be &quot;an unusual severity&quot; to charge Mayo with costs, when he was guilty of no fault and filed his claim against Bentley in a timely manner. The Court also identifies three types of debts: judgments made against the intestate during his lifetime, specialty debts, and simple contract claims. Judgments must be paid first, and the administrator must take notice of them because they are a matter of record. Specialty debts must be paid second, although they require timely notice to the administrator. Simple contract debts must be paid last, although if there is no notice, then an administrator may pay them before specialty debts, and suffer no harm. The Court also finds that administrators can only have preferences between creditors of the same grade; however, superior creditors must be given preference over inferior creditors. Here, because Mayo was a specialty creditor, he was entitled to payment before Ronald, a simple contract creditor. There is some disagreement between judges over whether or not Bentley had sufficient notice of Mayo's claim, and some judges even allege fraud on Bentley's part. Due to the division between the judges, the Court upheld the payment as well as the injunction requested by Bentley. However, the Court directed the parties to have a commissioner enquire into the fairness if the debt, and for Bentley to pay Mayo the costs of the appeal.<br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78360 2026-03-04T18:28:48Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether the administrator of an estate could pay a simple contract creditor before a bond creditor. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> William Ronald died on February 3rd, 1793, and William Bentley was appointed administrator of his estate on February 21st, by the county court of Powhatan. the decedent died intestate, and his estate was apparently burdened by numerous debts. On February 26th, Andrew Ronald, the decedent's brother and a simple contract creditor of the estate, instituted a suit against Bentley in the county court of Henrico. Two days later, on February 28th, Mayo, a specialty creditor of the estate, issued his own writ upon the bond, from the county court of Powhatan. On March 4th, Bentley confessed judgment to Ronald and paid his debt. When he was served with notice of Mayo's writ, he obtained a judgment from the Powhatan court that it was to be set aside. However, this was not done due to an omission of the clerk, and because Bentley did not have assets to pay both Ronald and Mayo, he sought an injunction from the high court of chancery. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> [[George Wythe|Chancellor Wythe]] of the high court of chancery found that Bentley had no notice of Mayo's writ when he confessed judgment to Ronald, and furthermore that an administrator can favor some creditors to the detriment of others. As a result, the court ruled in Bentley's favor. Mayo appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals, where the Court reversed the decree of the court of chancery. The Court found that it would be &quot;an unusual severity&quot; to charge Mayo with costs, when he was guilty of no fault and filed his claim against Bentley in a timely manner. The Court also identifies three types of debts: judgments made against the intestate during his lifetime, specialty debts, and simple contract claims. Judgments must be paid first, and the administrator must take notice of them because they are a matter of record. Specialty debts must be paid second, although they require timely notice to the administrator. Simple contract debts must be paid last, although if there is no notice, then an administrator may pay them before specialty debts, and suffer no harm. The Court also finds that administrators can only have preferences between creditors of the same grade; however, superior creditors must be given preference over inferior creditors. Here, because Mayo was a specialty creditor, he was entitled to payment before Ronald, a simple contract creditor. There is some disagreement between judges over whether or not Bentley had sufficient notice of Mayo's claim, and some judges even allege fraud on Bentley's part. Due to the division between the judges, the Court upheld the payment as well as the injunction requested by Bentley. However, the Court directed the parties to have a commissioner enquire into the fairness if the debt, and for Bentley to pay Mayo the costs of the appeal.<br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78359 2026-03-04T18:28:15Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether the administrator of an estate could pay a simple contract creditor before a bond creditor. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> William Ronald died on February 3rd, 1793, and William Bentley was appointed administrator of his estate on February 21st, by the county court of Powhatan. the decedent died intestate, and his estate was apparently burdened by numerous debts. On February 26th, Andrew Ronald, the decedent's brother and a simple contract creditor of the estate, instituted a suit against Bentley in the county court of Henrico. Two days later, on February 28th, Mayo, a specialty creditor of the estate, issued his own writ upon the bond, from the county court of Powhatan. On March 4th, Bentley confessed judgment to Ronald and paid his debt. When he was served with notice of Mayo's writ, he obtained a judgment from the Powhatan court that it was to be set aside. However, this was not done due to an omission of the clerk, and because Bentley did not have assets to pay both Ronald and Mayo, he sought an injunction from the high court of chancery. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> [[George Wythe|Chancellor Wythe]] of the high court of chancery found that Bentley had no notice of Mayo's writ when he confessed judgment to Ronald, and furthermore that an administrator can favor some creditors to the detriment of others. As a result, the court ruled in Bentley's favor. Mayo appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals, where the Court reversed the decree of the court of chancery. The Court found that it would be &quot;an unusual severity&quot; to charge Mayo with costs, when he was guilty of no fault and filed his claim against Bentley in a timely manner. The Court also identifies three types of debts: judgments made against the intestate during his lifetime, specialty debts, and simple contract claims. Judgments must be paid first, and the administrator must take notice of them because they are a matter of record. Specialty debts must be paid second, although they require timely notice to the administrator. Simple contract debts must be paid last, although if there is no notice, then an administrator may pay them before specialty debts, and suffer no harm. The Court also finds that administrators can only have preferences between creditors of the same grade; however, superior creditors must be given preference over inferior creditors. Here, because Mayo was a specialty creditor, he was entitled to payment before Ronald, a simple contract creditor. There is some disagreement between judges over whether or not Bentley had sufficient notice of Mayo's claim, and some judges even allege fraud on Bentley's part. Due to the division between the judges on the question of whether or not it was proper to have paid Ronald's debt before Mayo's, the Court upheld the payment as well as the injunction requested by Bentley. However, the Court directed the parties to have a commissioner enquire into the fairness if the debt, and for Bentley to pay Mayo the costs of the appeal.<br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78358 2026-03-04T18:25:05Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether the administrator of an estate could pay a simple contract creditor before a bond creditor. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> William Ronald died on February 3rd, 1793, and William Bentley was appointed administrator of his estate on February 21st, by the county court of Powhatan. the decedent died intestate, and his estate was apparently burdened by numerous debts. On February 26th, Andrew Ronald, the decedent's brother and a simple contract creditor of the estate, instituted a suit against Bentley in the county court of Henrico. Two days later, on February 28th, Mayo, a specialty creditor of the estate, issued his own writ upon the bond, from the county court of Powhatan. On March 4th, Bentley confessed judgment to Ronald and paid his debt. When he was served with notice of Mayo's writ, he obtained a judgment from the Powhatan court that it was to be set aside. However, this was not done due to an omission of the clerk, and because Bentley did not have assets to pay both Ronald and Mayo, he sought an injunction from the high court of chancery. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> [[George Wythe|Chancellor Wythe]] of the high court of chancery found that Bentley had no notice of Mayo's writ when he confessed judgment to Ronald, and furthermore that an administrator can favor some creditors to the detriment of others. As a result, the court ruled in Bentley's favor. Mayo appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals, where the Court reversed the decree of the court of chancery, finding that it would be &quot;an unusual severity&quot; to charge Mayo with costs, when he was guilty of no fault. Due to the division between the judges on the question of whether or not it was proper to have paid Ronald's debt before Mayo's, the Court upholds the payment as well as the injunction requested by Bentley. However, the Court directs the parties to have a commissioner enquire into the fairness if the debt, and for Bentley to pay Mayo the costs of the appeal.<br /> <br /> The Court of Appeals found that Mayo's claim against the decedent's estate was timely, as it was filed soon after Bentley was appointed as administrator. Furthermore, the Court finds that while all debts are generally equal and there is no hierarchy for equitable assets, the law has established an order for legal assets like the ones at issue here. The Court identifies three types of debts: judgments made against the intestate during his lifetime, specialty debts, and simple contract claims. Judgments must be paid first, and the administrator must take notice of them because they are a matter of record. Specialty debts must be paid second, although they require timely notice to the administrator. Simple contract debts must be paid last, although if there is no notice, then an administrator may pay them before specialty debts, and suffer no harm. The Court also finds that administrators can only have preferences between creditors of the same grade; however, superior creditors must be given preference over inferior creditors. Here, because Mayo was a specialty creditor, he was entitled to payment before Ronald, a simple contract creditor. There is some disagreement between judges over whether or not Bentley had sufficient notice of Mayo's claim. In contrast, some judges even allege fraud on Bentley's part in &lt;i&gt;avoiding&lt;/i&gt; Mayo's notice by leaving his county to confess judgment to Ronald almost immediately. It was also common practice at the time for administrators to publish in the newspapers an advertisement of their appointment, so creditors were aware and could bring their claims forward, and Bentley did not do this. <br /> <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78357 2026-03-04T18:13:24Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether the administrator of an estate could pay a simple contract creditor before a bond creditor. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> William Ronald died on February 3rd, 1793, and William Bentley was appointed administrator of his estate on February 21st, by the county court of Powhatan. the decedent died intestate, and his estate was apparently burdened by numerous debts. On February 26th, Andrew Ronald, the decedent's brother and a simple contract creditor of the estate, instituted a suit against Bentley in the county court of Henrico. Two days later, on February 28th, Mayo, a specialty creditor of the estate, issued his own writ upon the bond, from the county court of Powhatan. On March 4th, Bentley confessed judgment to Ronald and paid his debt. When he was served with notice of Mayo's writ, he obtained a judgment from the Powhatan court that it was to be set aside. However, this was not done due to an omission of the clerk, and because Bentley did not have assets to pay both Ronald and Mayo, he sought an injunction from the high court of chancery. The court found that Bentley had no notice of Mayo's writ when he confessed judgment to Ronald, and furthermore that an administrator can favor some creditors to the detriment of others. As a result, the court ruled in Bentley's favor. Mayo appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals. <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> The Court of Appeals found that Mayo's claim against the decedent's estate was timely, as it was filed soon after Bentley was appointed as administrator. Furthermore, the Court finds that while all debts are generally equal and there is no hierarchy for equitable assets, the law has established an order for legal assets like the ones at issue here. The Court identifies three types of debts: judgments made against the intestate during his lifetime, specialty debts, and simple contract claims. Judgments must be paid first, and the administrator must take notice of them because they are a matter of record. Specialty debts must be paid second, although they require timely notice to the administrator. Simple contract debts must be paid last, although if there is no notice, then an administrator may pay them before specialty debts, and suffer no harm. <br /> <br /> The Court also finds that administrators can only have preferences between creditors of the same grade; however, superior creditors must be given preference over inferior creditors. Here, because Mayo was a specialty creditor, he was entitled to payment before Ronald, a simple contract creditor. There is some disagreement between judges over whether or not Bentley had sufficient notice of Mayo's claim. In contrast, some judges even allege fraud on Bentley's part in &lt;i&gt;avoiding&lt;/i&gt; Mayo's notice by leaving his county to confess judgment to Ronald almost immediately. It was also common practice at the time for administrators to publish in the newspapers an advertisement of their appointment, so creditors were aware and could bring their claims forward, and Bentley did not do this. <br /> <br /> Ultimately, the Court reversed the decree of the court of chancery, finding that it would be &quot;an unusual severity&quot; to charge Mayo with costs, when he was guilty of no fault. Due to the division between the judges on the question of whether or not it was proper to have paid Ronald's debt before Mayo's, the Court upholds the payment as well as the injunction requested by Bentley. However, the Court directs the parties to have a commissioner enquire into the fairness if the debt, and for Bentley to pay Mayo the costs of the appeal.<br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78356 2026-03-04T17:08:20Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether the administrator of an estate could pay a simple contract creditor before a bond creditor. <br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78221 2026-02-23T18:30:52Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:CallMayovBentley1833v4p528.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether a judgment by the Board of Commissioners concerning land law could be impeached.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78220 2026-02-23T18:27:46Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> [[File:WytheAmblerVWyld1852.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case where the Court determined whether a judgment by the Board of Commissioners concerning land law could be impeached.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Mayo_v._Bentley&diff=78219 2026-02-23T18:26:26Z

<p>Gsmith: Created page with &quot;{{DISPLAYTITLE:&#039;&#039;Mayo v. Bentley&#039;&#039;}} &#039;&#039;Mayo v. Bentley&#039;&#039;, in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 &#039;&#039;Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia&#039;&#039;], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] &#039;&#039;Mayo v. Bentley&#039;&#039;, 8 Va....&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mayo v. Bentley''}} <br /> <br /> [[File:WytheAmblerVWyld1852.jpg|link=Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|thumb|right|300px|First page of the opinion<br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], in [https://catalog.swem.wm.edu/law/Record/2099031 ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia''], by Daniel Call. Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833.]] <br /> [[Media:CallsReports1833V4MayovBentley.pdf|''Mayo v. Bentley'']], 8 Va. (4 Call) 528 (1800),&lt;ref&gt;Daniel Call, ''Reports of Cases Argued and Decided in the Court of Appeals of Virginia,'' (Richmond: R. I. Smith, 1833), 4:528. &lt;/ref&gt; was a case were the Court determined whether a judgment by the Board of Commissioners concerning land law could be impeached.<br /> <br /> ==Background== <br /> <br /> ===The Court's Decision=== <br /> <br /> ==See also== <br /> <br /> *[[Wythe's Judicial Career]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References== <br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> __NOTOC__ <br /> <br /> [[Category: Cases]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78218 2026-02-23T17:07:04Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” &lt;i&gt;Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University&lt;/i&gt; No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” &lt;i&gt;The Classical Journal&lt;/i&gt; 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in &lt;i&gt;Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus&lt;/i&gt; (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019), ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026.[https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd]&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing his &lt;i&gt;Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), Google Books.[https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ]&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire.&lt;/i&gt; Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;, accessed 23 Feb. 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt;, consisted of works by Roman authors translated into English, with the intent that they be rendered back into Latin by the students.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the Accidence,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78217 2026-02-23T17:05:55Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” &lt;i&gt;Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University&lt;/i&gt; No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” &lt;i&gt;The Classical Journal&lt;/i&gt; 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in &lt;i&gt;Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus&lt;/i&gt; (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019), ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026.[https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd]&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), Google Books.[https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ]&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire.&lt;/i&gt; Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;, accessed 23 Feb. 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt;, consisted of works by Roman authors translated into English, with the intent that they be rendered back into Latin by the students.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the Accidence,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78216 2026-02-23T17:05:42Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” &lt;i&gt;Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University&lt;/i&gt; No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” &lt;i&gt;The Classical Journal&lt;/i&gt; 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in &lt;i&gt;Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus&lt;/i&gt; (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019), ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026.[https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd]&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), Google Books.[https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ]&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire.&lt;/i&gt; Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;, accessed 23 Feb. 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt;, consisted of works by Roman authors translated into English, with the intent that they be rendered back into Latin by the students.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the Accidence,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78215 2026-02-23T17:04:58Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” &lt;i&gt;Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University&lt;/i&gt; No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” &lt;i&gt;The Classical Journal&lt;/i&gt; 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in &lt;i&gt;Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus&lt;/i&gt; (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019), ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026.[https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd]&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), Google Books.[https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ]&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire.&lt;/i&gt; Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;, accessed 23 Feb. 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt;, consisted of works by Roman authors translated into English, with the intent that they be rendered back into Latin by the students.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the Accidence,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78214 2026-02-23T16:51:25Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), Google Books.[https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ]&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire.&lt;/i&gt; Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;, accessed 23 Feb. 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt;, consisted of works by Roman authors translated into English, with the intent that they be rendered back into Latin by the students.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the Accidence,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78213 2026-02-23T16:44:06Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire.&lt;/i&gt; Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;, accessed 23 Feb. 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt;, consisted of works by Roman authors translated into English, with the intent that they be rendered back into Latin by the students.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the Accidence,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78212 2026-02-23T16:43:20Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire.&lt;/i&gt; Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;, accessed 23 Feb. 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt;, consisted of works by Roman authors translated into English, with the intent that they be rendered back into Latin by the students.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the Accidence,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78211 2026-02-23T16:42:05Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire. Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;[link.gale.com/apps/doc/CW0113612986/ECCO?u=viva_wm&amp;sid=bookmark-ECCO&amp;xid=c498127a&amp;pg=1.] (accessed 23 Feb. 2026).&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt;, consisted of works by Roman authors translated into English, with the intent that they be rendered back into Latin by the students.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, &quot;Exercises to the Accidence,&quot; &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78210 2026-02-23T16:39:37Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire. Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; William Turner was identified as the late master of the free-school in Colchester.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, William. Exercises to the accidence; or, an exemplification of the several moods and tenses, and of the principal rules of construction; consisting chiefly of moral sentences, collected out of the best Roman authors, and translated into English, to be render'd back into Latin, the Latin words being set in the opposite Column. With references to the Latin syntax; and notes.&lt;/i&gt; Printed by J.H. for Sam. Crouch against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill; and J. Sprint at the Bell in Little-Britain, 1707. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt;[link.gale.com/apps/doc/CW0113612986/ECCO?u=viva_wm&amp;sid=bookmark-ECCO&amp;xid=c498127a&amp;pg=1.] (accessed 23 Feb. 2026).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78209 2026-02-23T16:33:05Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises of Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire. Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78191 2026-02-17T18:55:13Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises in Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire. Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78190 2026-02-17T18:54:30Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises in Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt; William Ellis and William Turner&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> There is scant information on both these authors and their works. William Ellis was identified as master of a grammar school in Alford, Lincolnshire.&lt;ref&gt;William Ellis, A collection of English exercises; Translated from the writings of Cicero only, for school-boys to re-translate into Latin; and adapted to the principal rules int he compendium of erasmus's syntax. The third edition, corrected, and greatly englarged by the author: to which are added, some rules for adapting the English idiom to the Latin. By William Ellis, A.M. and master of the Grammar School at Alford, in Lincolnshire. Printed for G. Robinson, and R. Baldwin, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCXCVII. [1797].&lt;/ref&gt; His work &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; was a translation of Cicero's work for the use of school-boys learning Latin.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, &lt;i&gt;A Collection of English exercises.&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78189 2026-02-17T18:51:16Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;Possible Titles&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises in Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78188 2026-02-17T18:49:59Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}While there is no work titled &quot;Exercises in Syntax,&quot; there are several possible titles Thomas Jefferson could have been referring to when he listed it in his inventory. The following works are each a possibility: &lt;i&gt;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar,&lt;/i&gt; (John Stirling), &lt;i&gt;A collection of English exercises,&lt;/i&gt; (William Ellis), or &lt;i&gt;Exercises to the accidence&lt;/i&gt; (William Turner).<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78187 2026-02-17T18:42:33Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> __NOTOC__<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; was published in 1735 and contains three parts: etymology, syntax, and prosody.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 10.&lt;/ref&gt; The “method entirely new” mentioned in the title likely refers to a format commonly used by Stirling, where there was “verse on the top half of the page and the same words in ‘grammatical construction’ at the bottom.”&lt;ref&gt;Aaron Shapiro, “‘Levelling the Sublime’: Translating Paradise Lost into English in the Eighteenth Century,” in &lt;i&gt;Milton in Translation&lt;/i&gt; (2017), 64.&lt;/ref&gt; This format would become the model for other works such as James Buchanan’s &lt;i&gt;The First Six Books of Milton’s Paradise Lost.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shapiro, &quot;'Leveling the Sublime,'&quot; 64.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;i&gt; A Short View of English Grammar&lt;/i&gt; went on to be published in numerous editions.&lt;ref&gt;Morford, &quot;Early American School Editions of Ovid,&quot; 150-51n5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78186 2026-02-17T18:11:16Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> __NOTOC__<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78185 2026-02-17T18:10:51Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> __NOTOC__<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740.&lt;ref&gt;John Stirling, &lt;i&gt;An abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon: by way of Latin exercise ... By ... John Stirling&lt;/i&gt;, (Thomas Astley, 1740), https://books.google.com/books/about/An_abridgment_of_Pomey_s_Pantheon_by_way.html?id=JWSqnQEACAAJ. Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78184 2026-02-17T18:09:10Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> __NOTOC__<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; <br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;<br /> <br /> François Antoine Pomey (1618-73) was a French Jesuit who served as prefect of the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Manfred Kraus, “François Pomey’s Candidatus rhetoricae and Its Revisions as Documents of the History of Jesuit Rhetorical Education,” in “Engaging Sources: The Tradition and Future of Collecting History in the Society of Jesus (Proceedings of the Symposium held at Boston, June 11–13, 2019),” ed. Cristiano Casalini, Emanuele Colombo, and Seth Meehan, special issue, &lt;i&gt;International Symposia on Jesuit Studies&lt;/i&gt; 1, no. 1 (2021): 8.&lt;/ref&gt; He published his Pantheum mythicum (Pantheon of mythology) in 1659, which described the principal gods and figures within ancient Greek and Roman mythology.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.abebooks.com/Abridgement-Pomeys-Pantheon-Francois-Antoine-Pomey-John/32231540113/bd.&lt;/ref&gt; John Stirling later adapted the Pantheon into an educational text, publishing an Abridgement of Pomey’s Pantheon in 1740. (Google Books) Stirling’s abridgement was printed in English and Latin, with double columns displaying the English text to the left and the Latin one to the right.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;An Abridgement of Pomey's Pantheon,&quot; AbeBooks.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78183 2026-02-17T17:53:14Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> __NOTOC__<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt; John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Exercises_of_Syntax&diff=78182 2026-02-17T17:53:00Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exercises of Syntax''}}<br /> __NOTOC__<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Exercises of Syntax<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=<br /> |publisher=<br /> |year=<br /> |edition=Precise work and edition unknown.<br /> |lang=<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=[[:Category:Duodecimos|12mo]]<br /> }}&lt;b&gt;John Stirling&lt;/b&gt;<br /> <br /> John Stirling (also spelled Sterling) was an English clergyman and teacher who wrote a number of books designed to teach Latin and English.&lt;ref&gt;Michael G. Moran, “John Stirling and the Classical Approach to Style in 18th Century England,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, AZ, March 12-15, 1997), 6.[https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408607.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; Details of his life are sparse, but he was likely born around 1700 and lived in the household of the Earl of Strathmore as a companion to James Lyon.&lt;ref&gt;Barnaby Ralph, “The Uses of Fable: Three Eighteenth-Century Versions of the Phædri Fabulæ,” Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities Seikei University No. 58, 6 (2023).[https://seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000617/files/bungaku-58_1-19.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; He received his M.A. from the University of Glasgow in 1721 &lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt;, and served as chaplain to the Duke of Gordon in 1738.&lt;ref&gt;Moran, &quot;John Stirling,&quot; 3.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling also held the title of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.).&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He served as vicar of St. John the Baptist Church in Great Gaddedsen until his death in 1777.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; He published at least twenty-four works, largely pedagogical materials on grammar and rhetoric.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; Stirling works often contained simplified Latin, referred to as the “ordo,” short for “ordo verborum” (order of words),&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 6.&lt;/ref&gt; and scansion tables&lt;ref&gt;Mark Morford, “Early American School Editions of Ovid,” The Classical Journal 78, no. 2 (1982), 150–51n5.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, Stirling’s “paraphrase” technique, which augments and rewrites the Latin text to be more accessible to a student, is still used by the Latinum Institute in their Latin lessons today.&lt;ref&gt;“Stirling Collection,” Latinum Institute, accessed February 17th, 2026, https://www.latinum.org.uk/intermediate/stirling-collection.&lt;/ref&gt; However, most copies of Stirling’s work are extremely rare or lost altogether.&lt;ref&gt;Ralph, &quot;The Uses of Fable,&quot; 7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> Listed in the [[Jefferson Inventory]] of [[Wythe's Library]] as &quot;Exercises of syntax. 12&lt;sup&gt;mo&lt;/sup&gt;.&quot; and given by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to his grandson [[Thomas Jefferson Randolph]]. No exact title matches Jefferson's description. The Brown Bibliography&lt;ref&gt;Bennie Brown, &quot;The Library of George Wythe of Williamsburg and Richmond,&quot; (unpublished manuscript, 2009, rev. 2023) Microsoft Word document, on file at the Wolf Law Library.&lt;/ref&gt; suggests two plausible titles based on copies owned by Thomas Jefferson, John Stirling's ''Abridgment of Pomey's Pantheon, by way of Latin Exercises'' (London, 1740) and the same author's ''A Short View of English Grammar'', 2nd edition (London: 1740). &lt;ref&gt;Brown, ''The Library of George Wythe''. Brown suggests the first title based on E. Millicent Sowerby's ''Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson'' (Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1952-1959), 5:90 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033648133&amp;seq=106&amp;q1=4801 no.4801]. Jefferson sold a title he listed as &quot;# 20. Stirling's Exercises, 12mo&quot; to the Library of Congress in 1815. Sowerby joins that reference to her entry based on the 1839 catalog of books in the Library of Congress, proposing the two are the same. The second title Brown offers, Stirling's ''English Grammar'', is based on an entry in &quot;Jefferson's manuscript catalog of 1770-1812, where he lists it as: Stirling's exercises 8vo. 6d.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe George Wythe's Library]&lt;ref&gt;''LibraryThing'', s.v. &quot;[http://www.librarything.com/profile/GeorgeWythe Member: George Wythe],&quot; accessed on July 10, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; on LibraryThing states &quot;Precise work unknown. Possibly William Ellis, A collection of English exercises (1782) or William Turner, Exercises to the accidence (several editions).&quot; As yet, the Wolf Law Library determined which title to purchase for this entry.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jefferson Inventory]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Language and Rhetoric]]<br /> [[Category:Thomas Jefferson Randolph's Books]]<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Duodecimos]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Acts_of_Assembly,_Now_in_Force,_in_the_Colony_of_Virginia_(1752)&diff=78121 2026-02-09T17:36:30Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia (1752)''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Acts of Assembly<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=Printed by William Hunter<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=[[:Category:Williamsburg|Williamsburg]]<br /> |publisher=William Hunter<br /> |year=1752<br /> |edition=<br /> |lang=[[:Category:English|English]]<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=<br /> }}There were numerous efforts to compile the laws of Virginia, starting in 1733 with [[Collection of All the Acts of Assembly Now in Force in the Colony of Virginia|&lt;i&gt;A Collection of All the Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia with the Titles of Such as are Expir'd, or Repeal'd&lt;/i&gt;]], which included all laws passed by the General Assembly between 1661 and 1732.&lt;ref&gt;Charles A. Grymes, “Code of Virginia,” &lt;i&gt;Virginia Places,&lt;/i&gt; accessed February 9th, 2026, http://virginiaplaces.org/government/codeofvirginia.html.&lt;/ref&gt; In 1745, a nine-person joint committee of the Council and the House of Burgesses was appointed to make another compilation.&lt;ref&gt;William E. Ross, “History of Virginia Codification,” &lt;i&gt;The Virginia Law Register&lt;/i&gt; 11, no. 2 (1905), 89. [https://doi.org/10.2307/1101292.]&lt;/ref&gt; Members of the committee include John Robinson, John Blair, William Nelson, Richard Randolph, William Beverley, Beverley Whiting, and Benjamin Waller, among others.&lt;ref&gt; Ross, &quot;History of Virginia Codification,&quot; 89.&lt;/ref&gt; The committee finished their work in 1748, and nearly a year later the General Assembly ordered William Hunter, the official printer to the Virginia colony, to print the compilation with a deadline of March 1753.&lt;ref&gt;David Rawson, &quot;William Hunter (ca. 1730–1761)&quot; in &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia Virginia,&lt;/i&gt; Virginia Humanities, December 7th, 2020, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/hunter-william-d-1761/.&lt;/ref&gt; This was one of Hunter’s first tasks as official printer, and through his half-brother’s merchant collections, he was able to publish the compilation six months ahead of time, in March 1752.&lt;ref&gt;Rawson, &quot;William Hunter.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly ordered a thousand copies to be printed with the Arms of Virginia stamped on each book, for use by the assembly and the county courts.&lt;ref&gt;Brent Tarter, “The Library of the Council of Colonial Virginia,” in &lt;i&gt;“Esteemed Bookes of Lawe” and the Legal Culture of Early Virginia,&lt;/i&gt; edited by Brent Tarter and Warren M. Billings, (University of Virginia Press: 2017), 44.[http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1jktqzr.7.]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The preamble to the 1752 &lt;i&gt;Acts of Assembly&lt;/i&gt; states: &lt;blockquote&gt;“Be it enacted by the Governor, Council, and Burgesses of this Grand Assembly, That all the following Laws, continued or made by this Assembly, shall be hereafter reputed the Laws of this Country, by which all Courts of Judicature are to proceed in giving of Sentence, and to which all Persons are strictly required to yield all due Obedience; and that all other Acts, not in this Collection mentioned, be, to all Intents and Purposes, utterly abrogated and repealed; unless Suits be commenced for any Thing done in the Time when a Law, now repealed, was in Force; in which Case, the producing that Law shall excuse any person for doing any Thing according to the Tenor thereof.”&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly of Virginia. &lt;i&gt;The acts of Assembly, now in force, in the colony of Virginia. With the titles of such as are expired, or repealed; notes in the margin, shewing how, and at what time they were repealed: and an exact table to the whole. Publish'd pursuant to an order of the General Assembly,&lt;/i&gt; Williamsburg, United States: Printed by William Hunter, MDCCLII. [1752]. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt; (accessed February 9, 2026). [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CB0132119956/ECCO?u=viva_wm&amp;sid=bookmark-ECCO&amp;xid=9ee15c82&amp;pg=266.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The compilation repeals and expunges unnecessary acts, and for all acts left in force contains a date for when they were established so the administration of justice is not prejudiced.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly of Virginia, &lt;i&gt;The acts of Assembly, now in force.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; It also contains a list of subscribers, including George Wythe (listed as “Mr. George Wythe, Attorney, Williamsburg”). An updated version of the Acts was published again in 1769 by printer William Rind, with financial support from Thomas Jefferson.&lt;ref&gt;Grymes, &quot;Code of Virginia.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; According to William Waller Hening, the [[Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia|1769 Acts of Assembly]] were passed “with very little variation… though differently arranged” from the 1752 version.&lt;ref&gt;Ross, &quot;History of Virginia Codification,&quot; 89.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Collection of All the Acts of Assembly Now in Force in the Colony of Virginia|&lt;i&gt;A Collection of All the Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia with the Titles of Such as are Expir'd, or Repeal'd &lt;/i&gt;(1733).]]<br /> *[[Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia|&lt;i&gt;The Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia&lt;/i&gt; (1769).]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> [[Category:Virginia Reports]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:English]]<br /> [[Category:Williamsburg]]</div>

Gsmith http://wythepedia.wm.edu/index.php?title=Acts_of_Assembly,_Now_in_Force,_in_the_Colony_of_Virginia_(1752)&diff=78120 2026-02-09T17:35:26Z

<p>Gsmith: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia (1752)''}}<br /> {{NoBookInfoBox<br /> |shorttitle=Acts of Assembly<br /> |commontitle=<br /> |vol=<br /> |author=Printed by William Hunter<br /> |editor=<br /> |trans=<br /> |publoc=[[:Category:Williamsburg|Williamsburg]]<br /> |publisher=William Hunter<br /> |year=1752<br /> |edition=<br /> |lang=[[:Category:English|English]]<br /> |set=<br /> |pages=<br /> |desc=<br /> }}There were numerous efforts to compile the laws of Virginia, starting in 1733 with [[Collection of All the Acts of Assembly Now in Force in the Colony of Virginia|&lt;i&gt;A Collection of All the Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia with the Titles of Such as are Expir'd, or Repeal'd&lt;/i&gt;]], which included all laws passed by the General Assembly between 1661 and 1732.&lt;ref&gt;Charles A. Grymes, “Code of Virginia,” &lt;i&gt;Virginia Places,&lt;/i&gt; accessed February 9th, 2026, http://virginiaplaces.org/government/codeofvirginia.html.&lt;/ref&gt; In 1745, a nine-person joint committee of the Council and the House of Burgesses was appointed to make another compilation.&lt;ref&gt;William E. Ross, “History of Virginia Codification,” &lt;i&gt;The Virginia Law Register&lt;/i&gt; 11, no. 2 (1905), 89. [https://doi.org/10.2307/1101292.]&lt;/ref&gt; Members of the committee include John Robinson, John Blair, William Nelson, Richard Randolph, William Beverley, Beverley Whiting, and Benjamin Waller, among others.&lt;ref&gt; Ross, &quot;History of Virginia Codification,&quot; 89.&lt;/ref&gt; The committee finished their work in 1748, and nearly a year later the General Assembly ordered William Hunter, the official printer to the Virginia colony, to print the compilation with a deadline of March 1753.&lt;ref&gt;David Rawson, &quot;William Hunter (ca. 1730–1761)&quot; in &lt;i&gt;Encyclopedia Virginia,&lt;/i&gt; Virginia Humanities, December 7th, 2020, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/hunter-william-d-1761/.&lt;/ref&gt; This was one of Hunter’s first tasks as official printer, and through his half-brother’s merchant collections, he was able to publish the compilation six months ahead of time, in March 1752.&lt;ref&gt;Rawson, &quot;William Hunter.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The General Assembly ordered a thousand copies to be printed with the Arms of Virginia stamped on each book, for use by the assembly and the county courts.&lt;ref&gt;Brent Tarter, “The Library of the Council of Colonial Virginia,” in &lt;i&gt;“Esteemed Bookes of Lawe” and the Legal Culture of Early Virginia,&lt;/i&gt; edited by Brent Tarter and Warren M. Billings, (University of Virginia Press: 2017), 44.[http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1jktqzr.7.]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The preamble to the 1752 &lt;i&gt;Acts of Assembly&lt;/i&gt; states: &lt;blockquote&gt;“Be it enacted by the Governor, Council, and Burgesses of this Grand Assembly, That all the following Laws, continued or made by this Assembly, shall be hereafter reputed the Laws of this Country, by which all Courts of Judicature are to proceed in giving of Sentence, and to which all Persons are strictly required to yield all due Obedience; and that all other Acts, not in this Collection mentioned, be, to all Intents and Purposes, utterly abrogated and repealed; unless Suits be commenced for any Thing done in the Time when a Law, now repealed, was in Force; in which Case, the producing that Law shall excuse any person for doing any Thing according to the Tenor thereof.”&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly of Virginia. &lt;i&gt;The acts of Assembly, now in force, in the colony of Virginia. With the titles of such as are expired, or repealed; notes in the margin, shewing how, and at what time they were repealed: and an exact table to the whole. Publish'd pursuant to an order of the General Assembly,&lt;/i&gt; Williamsburg, United States: Printed by William Hunter, MDCCLII. [1752]. &lt;i&gt;Eighteenth Century Collections Online&lt;/i&gt; (accessed February 9, 2026). [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CB0132119956/ECCO?u=viva_wm&amp;sid=bookmark-ECCO&amp;xid=9ee15c82&amp;pg=266.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> The compilation repeals and expunges unnecessary acts, and for all acts left in force contains a date for when they were established so the administration of justice is not prejudiced.&lt;ref&gt;General Assembly of Virginia, &lt;i&gt;The acts of Assembly, now in force.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; It also contains a list of subscribers, including George Wythe (listed as “Mr. George Wythe, Attorney, Williamsburg”). An [[Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia|updated version of the Acts]] was published again in 1769 by printer William Rind, with financial support from Thomas Jefferson.&lt;ref&gt;Grymes, &quot;Code of Virginia.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; According to William Waller Hening, the 1769 Acts of Assembly were passed “with very little variation… though differently arranged” from the 1752 version.&lt;ref&gt;Ross, &quot;History of Virginia Codification,&quot; 89.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Evidence for Inclusion in Wythe's Library==<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Collection of All the Acts of Assembly Now in Force in the Colony of Virginia|&lt;i&gt;A Collection of All the Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia with the Titles of Such as are Expir'd, or Repeal'd &lt;/i&gt;(1733).]]<br /> *[[Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia|&lt;i&gt;The Acts of Assembly, Now in Force, in the Colony of Virginia&lt;/i&gt; (1769).]]<br /> *[[Wythe's Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> __NOTOC__<br /> [[Category:Titles in Wythe's Library]]<br /> [[Category:Virginia Reports]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:English]]<br /> [[Category:Williamsburg]]</div>

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